本文目录一览：
世界排名前10的黑客是谁？
*** 大盗和超级骇客约翰·德拉浦（John Draper）；被列维称为"最后一名真正黑客"的自由软件之父理查德·斯托尔曼（Richard Stallman）；苹果电脑创始人斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克（Steven Wozniak）；Unix之父丹尼斯·利奇和肯·汤普生（Dennis M· Ritchie、Ken Thompson）；Linux之父李纳斯·托沃兹（Linus Torvalds）；Lotus创始人、电子前线基金（EFF）创始人米切尔·卡普尔（Mitch Kapor）；被美国 *** 通缉的头号黑客凯文·米特尼克（Kevin Mitnick）；蠕虫制造者罗伯特·莫里斯（Robert Morris）和自由软件理论旗手埃里克·史蒂文·雷蒙德（Eric Steven Raymond）。他们身上集成了黑客复杂内涵的所有正与邪基因，而后来诞生的成千上万的真假黑客，不过是他们身上部分"因子"的繁衍与繁殖而已。
有没美国畅销书作家理查德·普莱斯(Richard Price)的介绍？
这个你可以看看
Richard Price's father was Rice Price, a Congregational minister. At quite a young age Richard seems to have adopted somewhat different religious opinions from those of his father, being attracted towards more liberal Christian views. He was educated privately then, after the death of his father in 1739, he entered Fund Academy in Tenter Alley, London, one of the Dissenting academies that had been established independently by Nonconformists. We note that his religious views would have made it impossible for him to attend Oxford or Cambridge university, and the Dissenting academy provided an alternative to a university education for those wishing to study in England but who had views at odds with the standard beliefs of the Church of England.
Price left Fund Academy in 1744 and moved to Stoke Newington where he was family chaplain to George Streatfield. He ministered from time to time to various congregations, one of these posts having him assist Samuel Chandler at the Pre *** yterian Chapel at Old Jewry. In 1756 George Streatfield and an uncle of Price died, and as a result of money left to him Price's financial circumstances improved greatly. By 1757 he was in a strong enough financial position to marry Sarah Blundell, originally of Belgrave in Leicestershire, and in the following year they moved to Newington Green, a *** all village near Hackney. Price published Review of the Principal Questions in Morals in 1757 which contains his theory of ethics. He presented a rational case for moral decisions based on individual conscience and reason. He did not subscribe to the Christian doctrines of original sin and eternal punishment. Price wrote in the introduction:-
There are in truth none who are possessed of that cool and dispassionate temper, that freedom from all wrong biases, that habit of attention and patience of thought, and, also, that penetration and sagacity of mind, which are the proper securities against error. How much then do modesty and diffidence become us? How ought we to be to conviction, and candid to those of different sentiments?
Certainly up to this point nothing we have mentioned about Price would suggest that he should be in this archive, but the reason that we have included him is his contributions to statistics. This seems to have come about through his friendship with Bayes. William Morgan, in his biography of Price, his uncle, wrote [2]:-
On the death of his friend Mr Bayes of Tunbridge Wells in the year 1761 Price was requested by the relatives of that truly ingenious man, to examine the papers which he had written on different subjects ...
Several of Bayes's papers were therefore given to Price. A Notebook written by Bayes is still preserved in the muniment room of the Equitable Life Assurance Society and one has to assume that it was deposited there because Price was interested in the work of that Society, and involved with it. Price was responsible for the communication of Bayes's Essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances to the Royal Society. Price wrote in the covering letter:-
I now send you an essay which I have found among the papers of our deceased friend Mr Bayes, and which, in my opinion, has great merit, and well deserves to be preserved.
Some of the calculations, particularly in the appendix, no one can make without a good deal of labour. I have taken so much care about them, that I believe there can be no material error in any of them; but should there be any such errors, I am the only person who ought to be considered as answerable for them.
At times it is hard to tell which contributions Price made to Bayes's work, but it is clear that Price was a modest man who did not seek credit for his contributions. He certainly shows himself to be a highly competent mathematician. In [4] Zabell notes that Price stated:-
If an event has happened n times, there will be an odds of 2n+1 - 1 to one, for more than an equal chance that it will on further trials.
Zabell [4] notes that:-
This is not Laplace's rule of succession, but rather a calculation of the posterior probability that the unknown chance x of the event exceeds 1/2 , based on Bayes's assumption that all values of x are a priori equally likely.
The Royal Society elected Price a fellow in 1765 on the strength of his contributions to probability. D O Thomas suggests that it was his publication of Bayes's papers which started Price's:-
... increasing involvement in insurance, demography, and financial and political reform.
It was in 1769, in a letter to Benjamin Franklin, that Price commented on the expectation of lives, the increase of mankind, and the population of London. His observations were published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society later the same year. In May 1770 Price wrote to the Royal Society explaining how to calculate the values of contingent reversions. Price seemed to be well aware that the recently established insurance and benefit societies were basing the calculations of their policies on erroneous theory.
We know that Price's scientific interests were very broad. That he was also interested in electricity is demonstrated by the fact that Joseph Priestley thanks him in the introduction to History and present state of electricity :-
... for the attention [he] has given to the work, and for the many important services [he has] rendered me with respect to it.
In fact Joseph Priestley, the discoverer of oxygen, was a friend of Price. They were both ordained to the Dissenting ministry and Priestley frequently visited Price in Newington Green. Other friends who visited Newington Green included John Howard, John Quincy Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Adam Smith.
in 1776 Price published a pamphlet Observations on Civil Liberty and the War with America. It is said that the Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies made on 4 July 1776 was influenced by Price's pamphlet. A second pamphlet in the spring of 1777 again discussed the war with America but also discussed national debts and other financial matters. In the winter of 1778 he was invited by Congress to go to America to assist in financial administration but he declined.
Sarah Price died in 1786 and by this time Price's health was deteriorating. However he still had the energy to preach a highly controversial sermon in 1789:-
On the forenoon of the 4th of November [1789], Doctor Richard Price, a non-conforming minister of eminence, preached at the dissenting meeting-house of the Old Jewry, to his club or society, a very extraordinary miscellaneous sermon, in which there are some good moral and religious sentiments, and not ill expressed, mixed up in a sort of porridge of various political opinions and reflections; but the Revolution in France is the grand ingredient in the cauldron.
The sermon, which was published, was highly controversial and Edmund Burke wrote a vigorous reply in Reflections on the Revolution in France arguing strongly in favour of an inherited monarchy. In the fourth edition of his published sermon Price wrote an introduction:-
Since the former editions of the following discourse, many animadversions upon it have been published. Under the abuse with which some of them are accompanied, I have been comforted by finding myself joined to the City of Paris, and the National Assembly of France. I cannot think of employing my time in making any replies. Knowing that it has been the labour of my life to promote those interests of liberty, peace, and virtue, which I reckon the best interests of mankind, and believing that I have not laboured quite in vain, I feel a satisfaction that no opposition can take from me, and shall submit myself in silence to the judgment of the public without taking any other notice of the abuse I have met with than by mentioning the following instance of it.
The Unitarian Society was established in 1791, shortly before Price's death, and he became a founder member. Price was buried in Bunhill Fields on 26 April 1791 and at the service Joseph Priestley gave the funeral sermon. Bunhill Fields was a dissenters' cemetery for those whose beliefs took them outside the Church of England.
Price was famous in his day, although his views were highly controversial, and many came to hear him preach. He received the freedom of the City of London and was honoured with the award of the degree of D.D. from Yale College.
曾经大名鼎鼎的黑客现在都在做什么？
首先要先定义一下，什么是“大名鼎鼎”。怎么就算大名鼎鼎了？袁哥算么，flashsky算么，swan算么，tk算么；还是说superhei算，刺算，小G算，余弦算？还是那些搞黑产的小伙儿们算？
哪个维度来评价鼎鼎大名呢？如果只是说曝光度的话，那sharpwinner算么？那个从深圳被追到新疆最终被抓的算不算？那个一时气盛写exp的进去了的算不算？那个初衷只是拼技术搞了p2p赚了2w块钱替别人顶岗的算不算？还是惹毛了黑社会到现在都杳无音讯的算不算？号称一个exp 40w后来 *** 掉的算不算？
你看，我们其实没法定义什么是“鼎鼎大名”。很多人觉得自己鼎鼎大名。还有很多人觉得自己曾经鼎鼎大名。但实际上呢？我只能说说，那些我觉得优秀的黑客们在做什么？你追求大名鼎鼎，都浮躁成那样了，那就请自动摘掉黑客的帽子，譬如BAT里的那个谁。
优秀的黑客们，在做几件事情，创业、上班。你会问那些进了监狱的不优秀么？那些“屏蔽词”不优秀么？每个人有自己的选择我无意评论，但我不觉得他们选择了正确地道路。选择很多时候比能力更重要。我默认大家是用脑子而不是大脚趾选择的，那我觉得他们选错了路。
创业联合会我说过，这些黑客们有好奇心，突破规则的勇气，创新的精神，在哪个领域都会优秀。
江海客，创办了安天，之前玩病毒的。一个非常踏实做技术的公司。这家公司在国外要比绿盟启明瑞星金山，有名气和认可度高。benjerry，创办了ucloud，ben总是大家都觉得非常优秀的黑客之一。现在估值已经20-30亿美元了，是阿里云这个庞然大物的主要对手。在做孵化器帮助创业者。